Bituminous waterproofing can last anywhere from 10 to 20 years or more, depending on several factors:

1. Quality of Materials: Higher-quality bituminous membranes and coatings generally have a longer lifespan.
2. Application Method: Proper application is crucial. Systems applied with attention to detail, such as ensuring proper overlaps and sealing, tend to last longer.
3. Environmental Conditions: Exposure to harsh weather conditions, UV rays, and chemical exposure can impact the longevity of the waterproofing layer.
4. Maintenance: Regular inspections and maintenance can extend the life of bituminous waterproofing systems.

In general, with proper installation and maintenance, bituminous waterproofing is known for its durability and can provide effective protection for many years.

Bitumen waterproofing is highly effective and widely used for its strong protective qualities. Here are some reasons why it’s considered effective:

1. Water Resistance: Bitumen forms a robust barrier that prevents water from penetrating surfaces. This makes it ideal for applications where water exposure is a concern, such as roofs, foundations, and basements.

2. Flexibility: Bituminous materials remain flexible even at low temperatures, which helps them accommodate structural movements and prevent cracking or peeling.

3. Durability: Bitumen is resistant to various environmental factors, including UV rays, extreme temperatures, and physical wear and tear. This durability helps ensure long-term performance and protection.

4. Adhesion: Bituminous membranes adhere well to a variety of substrates, creating a seamless and continuous waterproofing layer.

5. Ease of Application: Bitumen waterproofing can be applied using different methods, including torch-on, self-adhesive, or cold adhesive, allowing for flexibility in application based on project requirements.

6. Low Maintenance: Once applied, bituminous waterproofing systems generally require minimal maintenance, which adds to their effectiveness and cost-efficiency.

For waterproofing applications, several types of bitumen are used, each with specific properties suited to different needs:

1. Asphalt (Bitumen): This is the most common form of bitumen used in waterproofing. It is often used in the form of asphalt membranes or coatings. It can be applied as a hot-applied material or cold-applied adhesive.

2. Modified Bitumen: This bitumen is modified with polymers (such as SBS – Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene, or APP – Atactic Polypropylene) to enhance its properties. Modified bitumen membranes offer improved flexibility, durability, and resistance to UV radiation and temperature fluctuations.

3. Bituminous Coatings: These are liquid bitumen products that can be applied directly to surfaces to create a waterproof layer. They are often used for smaller areas or as a primer before applying a bituminous membrane.

4. Bituminous Membranes: These come in rolls and are typically made from a base of bitumen and reinforced with materials like polyester or fiberglass. They are applied to surfaces in overlapping layers to form a continuous, waterproof barrier.

Bituminous waterproofing is used in a variety of applications where protection from water intrusion is essential. Here are some common areas and structures where it is applied:

1. Roofs: Bituminous membranes are widely used for flat or low-slope roofs to prevent leaks and water damage. They can be applied as a single layer or in a multi-layer system for added protection.

2. Basements: To keep basements dry and prevent water seepage, bituminous waterproofing is applied to foundation walls and floors. This helps in avoiding mold growth and structural damage.

3. Foundations: Bituminous coatings and membranes are used on building foundations to shield them from groundwater and moisture, thereby preserving the integrity of the structure.

4. Underground Structures: For structures like parking garages, tunnels, and subway systems that are below ground level, bituminous waterproofing is essential to prevent water ingress and maintain structural stability.

5. Bridges: Bituminous waterproofing is used on bridge decks and expansion joints to protect against water damage and extend the lifespan of the structure.

6. Terraces and Balconies: In residential and commercial buildings, bituminous waterproofing helps protect terraces and balconies from water penetration, which can lead to damage and deterioration.

7. Swimming Pools: Bituminous waterproofing can be used to line swimming pools and water tanks, ensuring they remain watertight and preventing leaks.

8. Dams and Reservoirs: Bituminous materials are used in the construction of dams and reservoirs to prevent water seepage and maintain the effectiveness of these critical structures.

The grade of bitumen used for waterproofing can vary depending on the specific requirements of the project and the type of application. Generally, bitumen grades used for waterproofing include:

1. 60/70 Penetration Grade: This is a common grade used for waterproofing membranes and coatings. It is characterized by its penetration depth at a standard temperature, providing a good balance of flexibility and durability.

2. 85/100 Penetration Grade: This grade is also used for waterproofing applications, particularly where a slightly softer material is needed. It offers increased flexibility compared to the 60/70 grade.

3. Modified Bitumen: For enhanced performance, bitumen is often modified with polymers like SBS (Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene) or APP (Atactic Polypropylene). These modifications improve the bitumen’s flexibility, temperature resistance, and overall durability, making it suitable for demanding waterproofing applications.

4. Bituminous Coatings: These are typically liquid bitumen products that may not have a standardized penetration grade but are formulated for effective waterproofing. They are applied directly to surfaces and often include additional components to enhance their performance.